Abstract

Security has witnessed a dramatic change, not only in its nature and fields, but in its perception by states, institutions, and individuals, as the result of a major change like threats facing nations. Security is no longer threatened as a result of external aggression, the presence of tanks and military equipment on the borders, as Buzan said, but the greatest threat to the state comes within the state. Moreover, it is no longer of a military nature only, but of a societal, economic, cultural, and environmental nature. This situation led to the invention of the concept of security to face non-traditional security challenges.

The research paper attempts to deal with the non-traditional security challenges of state-building in Iraq, and then intensify the non-traditional security challenges in the post-ISIS phase. The US occupation in 2003, contributed to not only the dismantling of the political authority but also the state. This situation had implications for the traditional security in Iraq. Also, the era before ISIS took control of Iraqi cities has its roots and causes, specifically internal, regional, and international factors. In addition,the post-ISIS phase contributed to the rooting of a set of facts, events, and actors that had an impact on crystallizing a group of non-traditional security challenges facing successive Iraqi governments.

The non-traditional security challenges are in the following: non-state military actors, non-state economic actors, terrorism try to restore their existence, the refugee crisis, and refugee camps, families of terrorist groups and their future security repercussions, changing social ideological patterns towards “religious institutions”,the institutionalization of sectarian formations, waste of public funds, corruption, the decline in the field of environmental security, and war remnants in some areas and their impact on human security, reconstruction, and infrastructure in liberated areas,the dialectical between women, security and peace, and other challenges, as non-traditional security challenges, which necessitate their "securitization" according to the securitization approach in strategic security studies, develop public policies that characterized by integration in the process of addressing them.

ﺳطَ ﻌيدرﺳمﺧﺎرطﺔﻣنطﻘﺔاﻟشرقاﻷوُ ﻣريكيﺔﺟدﯾدةﺗَ

ﺳﺎيكسﺑيكوأ003 راقبﻌدﻋﺎمِ

ﻣروان ﺳﺎﻟم اﻟﻌﻠﻲﻋبرﺑوابﺔاﻟﻌ.د.م.

راأِ اﻟﻌ- ﻌﺔاﻟموﺻﻞِ ﻠيﺔاﻟﻌﻠوماﻟسيﺎﺳيﺔــﺟﺎﻣُ سﺎﻋدـــكُ ﺳتﺎذاﻻﺳتراﺗيجيﺔواﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎتاﻟدوﻟيﺔاﻟمَ

أdr-marwanalali82@uomosul.edu.iq

ﻣﺔِﻘدُ

ﺋد اﻟمَ دارةاﻟـــِ ﻟدـــﻪإِ اﻟـــ دﻋـــ إ( اﻹﻗﻠد دـــﺔاﻟداﯾـــاة) َوﺳـــ اﻟديدـــَ قاﻷَ وعاﻟقـــَ نﱠﻣقـــَ ـــأأʤ

يكدـﺔيخطـــﺊﻣـــأيَﻣَ دراجﻣكﺎﺗـووزارةاﻟخﺎرﺟدـﺔاﻷَ اق،ظﻞﺣيد أَ ِ ﻼلاﻟﻌِ بﻌااﺣت( ﺑوشَ ﺟورجووك) ﺳيقَ يكﻲاﻷَﻣَ

اﻷَ يِ كﻋِ ﺧ ﻣدااناﻟتطيدق،وذﻟَ وعأَ ﱠاﻟ قَ تﺎبﻌﺔاﻟاﻗدﻘﺔﻟﻠ وﺿوعكقﻔ ﻟنﺎبﺄنُ نﱠاﻟ ِ ذإِ ى،إَﺧَ ﺳسﺎتاﻷَ

وﻟــﻰواﻟ ؤَ اقاﻟ طـﺔاﻷَ ـِ ﻓطــوالاﻟﻌﻬـاﯾأاﻟ ﻠدـﻲواﻟد ﻬـور كـﺎناﻟﻌ.نطﻠﻘﻬـﺎُ اقﻣَ ـِ ةﺟسـااﻟﻌَ ﺳـﺎﻟدوك دـَ

وعآﻟدـﺎتوأَ نﻬــﺎﻣقــِ وﺳــطدﺔ،وﻣَ قأَ ﻗﻠد دـﺔاﻟقــِ ﻼتاﻹُ وــﺔاﻟ قــﺎريﻊواﻟتدــتَ ةﺟـ اﻟنــيشﻟتدَ نﻬــﺎﻣســدِ

ﺟســا ﻧﻘطــﺔ ﺗ ــولاﻟتـﻲاﻧطﻠﻘــ ﻣ2003 اقﻋــﺎمَ ــِ يكــﻲﻟﻠﻌَﻣَ ﻼلاﻷِ ﻓــﺎﻻﺣت.(َوﺳــ اﻟديدــَ قاﻷَاﻟقــ) ــﺎماﻻﻗﻠد ــﻲاﻟداﯾــاʤ

اﻟنُ ـوارﻩِ اقﻓ سوﺑﻞﻟـاولﺟَ ِ اﺗدددﺔﻟد ﻟﻠﻌَ قﺎفاﺳتِ ﻣﺎتاﻧدِﻘاُ ﻼلﻣِ ذﺻﺎغاﻻﺣتِ وﺳ ،إَ قاﻷَ

ﻗﻠد دﺎﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔﻓﻲاﻟقِ اﺗددﻲإَ ﻟﻠتﻘﺎطﻊاﻻﺳتًكزاَ قكﱠﻞﻣُ اﻗدﺔﺗَ ِ ﻣس اﻟسﺎﺣﺔاﻟﻌَ نﱠأَ ،بﻌاأًيضﺎَ ودﺔأَ اﻟﻌَ ودﺔوﻏدَ

ﻣﻌــﺎﻟ اﻹﻗﻠد ﻲ،اﻟﻌَ ﻣﺢﻓــﻲﺗﻐددــَ ساﻟــَ ﻟــﻰﻣــﺎيقــيﻪرأِ اقإَ ــِ ــولاﻟﻌّ يكدــﺔﻟت َﻣَ أَ داةﺗﻐددــَ دســاأُ ﻼلﻟدِ ﻓدــﺎءاﻻﺣــت.ً

ﺎﻣﻬــــﺎودوﻟدــﺎʤِ ﻟنًﻧ وذﺟــــﺎَ اقأَ ـــِ ــــأاﻟﻌِ نﱠﺗدﻌــــﻞﻣَ رادتأَ ﻠﺔأِ يكدــــﺔاﻟقـــﺎﻣَﻣَ اﺗدددﺔاﻷَ نﱠاﻻﺳــــتَ ورﻏـــ أ.ﻣتﻬــــﺎَ

ﺿـدﺔاﻟ نطﻘـــﺔﺑَ نﱠﻓَ ﻟﻬـﺎ،ﺑدـاأُوﺳـ وﺗسـويﻘﻪَ قاﻷَ ﻟﻰاﻟقِ ﻼقإِ اةﻟﻼﻧطِ يﺔوﻗﺎﻋَ اتﺟوﻫَ

بﻔوﺿـﻰاﻻﻗﻠد ﻲاﻟداﯾاوﻣ طﺔﻟتﻐددًﻗـﺔِ نﱠوﺟـاتاﻟ نطﻘـﺔﻧﻔسـﻬﺎﻏﺎرَ ﺣدـﺎن،بﻌـاأَـ اﻷʤﻌُ ﺛيتـ ﻓقـﻠﻬﺎﻓـﻲﻣَ ﻋﺎنﻣـﺎأَ ـُ اﻗـﻲﺳَ ِ ﻧ وذجاﻟﻌَ

اﻷ. ب سﺎراﺗﻬﺎَ زﻣﺎتاﻹﻗﻠد دﺔﻟارﺟﺔﺻﻌوﻣﻌﻬﺎاﻟتنيؤَ بﺎت ﻣ ﻠدﺔ طﺎﺋﻔدﺔ، وﺗازﯾاﻧزيفاﻷَ وب واﺿطاَ

ﻓــوو ً ﻠﺔﺧﺎﺻــﺔِ يكدــﺔاﻟقـﺎﻣَﻣَ اﺗدددﺔاﻷَ ﺎﻣــﺎتاﻻﺳـتِ وﻟـﻰاﻫتَ ــأأِ ﻗﻹﻠد دـﺔاﻟداﯾــاةﻣِ وعاَ سـﻰـ ﻣقــَ نــﺎأﻣُ ـأﻫِ

وﺳــ وﻣَ قاﻷَ واﻟقـَوﺳـ اﻟديدــَ قاﻷَ اقﻫـوﻗﻠــواﻟقـَ ــِ نﱠاﻟﻌِ يكـﻲ؛إَﻣَﺗددﻲ اﻷَ اﻻﺳـتاَ اﻟﻔدــَ دراكدواﺋـِ طـﺎرإِ

إ. أﻧتﺎﺋدﻬﺎِ ﻣٌ ﻻﱠﻧتددﺔِ راتاﻟﻌﺎﻟ إِﻘاُ ةﻋﻠﻰﻣَ كﻬﺎوﻣﺎاﻟسدطَ ُ ﻫوﻗﻠواوراﺳدﺎوﻣَاﻟديد