Article

The Impact of True Goals as a Tier 1 Intervention on Student Hope and Sense of School Belonging

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Abstract

There is a need for school counselors to use evidence-based practices to provide students with critical protective factors. This study evaluates the impact of the True Goals (TG) School Counseling Curriculum as a classroom intervention for improving hope and sense of school belonging for middle school students. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on 1,180 students across two diverse, suburban middle schools in the Midwest of the United States. Results of this quasi-experimental study indicated that students who received the TG School Counseling Curriculum had nonsignificant increases in their hope and sense of school belonging. The researchers offer limitations of the study as well as implications for school counseling and future research.

Keywords: goal setting, hope, sense of school belonging, classroom guidance, school counseling

How to Cite:

Cunningham, P. D., Zyromski, B., & Martin, I. (2025). The impact of True Goals as a classroom intervention on middle school students’ hope and sense of school belonging. Counseling Scholarship & Practice in Educational Communities, 1(1), 116 – 153. https://doi.org/10.7275/cspec.2311